螺旋槽干气密封性能及结构优化研究

建立螺旋角槽的数学模型,利用Fluent分别研究了不同的槽数、转速、入口压力、槽深、气膜厚度对密封性能的影响规律。通过分析对比密封性能参数如静压、开启力、泄漏量等,得出了单螺旋角槽性能最佳的几何结构参数。针对单螺旋角槽存在的问题,提出了一种双螺旋角槽干气密封结构,且计算结果表明:双螺旋角槽可使气动分离效果更明显,当吸力面的螺旋角大于压力面的螺旋角,密封效果较好;当双螺旋角槽中两角公差为2°时,螺旋角槽密封性能更佳。     

二次再热机组烟气余热利用与抽汽参数优化研究

对某1 000 MW二次再热机组应用遗传算法进行余热利用和抽汽的整体优化。余热利用方式选择两种:方案1,低压回热加热器之间引入低温烟水换热器;方案2,采用空气预热器分级布置,在水侧高温烟水换热器与1~#高压加热器并联在烟气侧高温烟水换热器与高温空气预热器并联,出口烟气汇合后进入低温空气预热器。结果表明,机组在余热利用后对最佳抽汽口位置有很大影响;采用方案2整体优化后发电功率增加最明显,可以使机组发电功率增大21 170 kW,发电效率比单独优化提升明显。此外,研究表明,在锅炉烟气余热利用时需要余热和回热同步优化。     

钢板-纤维增强混凝土组合双连梁抗震性能试验研究

为改善小跨高比钢筋混凝土连梁的抗震性能,考虑基体材料与钢板的影响。本文提出新型钢板-纤维增强混凝土组合双连梁,并对普通混凝土双连梁、内置钢板-混凝土组合双连梁和钢板-纤维增强混凝土组合双连梁试件进行了低周反复加载试验,对双连梁的破坏过程、破坏形态、承载能力、变形能力和耗能能力等进行研究。结果表明：除了普通混凝土双连梁试件发生剪切破坏之外,内置钢板-混凝土组合双连梁试件发生弯剪破坏,钢板-纤维增强混凝土组合双连梁试件发生延性较好的弯曲破坏;加入钢板后的钢板-组合双连梁试件在峰值点处的承载力相对普通混凝土双连梁提高将近1.56倍,与钢板-纤维增强混凝土试件峰值点处承载力相差不大,表明钢板的内置可以改善双连梁开缝引起的内力损伤,纤维的加入对组合双连梁承载力提高影响不大。在破坏点处,钢板-纤维增强混凝土组合双连梁试件的累积耗能分别是普通混凝土双连梁、内置钢板-混凝土组合双连梁试件的5.26和2.2倍,表现出较好的承载能力、变形能力和耗能能力。直到试件到达最终破坏时,钢板-纤维增强混凝土组合双连梁表面混凝土仍然保持完整,从而可以达到减小甚至避免了混凝土开裂破坏,减少震后修复费用,为组合双连梁的实际应用提供一定的理论基础。     

CYCLIC DEFORMATION BEHAVIOUR OF Cu SINGLE CRYSTALS ORIENTED FORDOUBLE SLIP Ⅱ. Persistent Slip Bands and Deformation Bands

用光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究了双滑移取向（［０３４］，［１１７］）Ｃｕ单晶循环饱和后的表面形貌，塑性分切应变幅（γｐｌ）低于１０~（－３）时，［０３４］晶体表面上要为主滑移系的驻留滑移带（ＰＳＢｓ）占据，次滑移只在边缘区域启动，其ＰＳＢｓ细窄（＜１μｍ），体积百分数在１％以下．γｐｌ＞１０~（－３）时，次滑移开始在试样的中部启动，同时，表面出现二种贯穿晶体的宏观形变带（ＤＢＩ，ＤＢＩＩ），滑移带在形变带内集中．［１１７］晶体在γｐｌ＝４．４×１０~（－４）时，双滑移现象已十分明显．γｐｌ＞１０~（－３）时，表面也形成与前者相似的形变带．ＤＢＩ的惯习面与主滑移面平行（［０３４］晶体）或接近（［１１７］晶体），ＤＢＩＩ的惯习面则与前者垂直，文章讨论了形变带形成的可能原因．     

Photocatalytic syngas synthesis from CO2 and H2O using ultrafine CeO2-decorated layered double hydroxide nanosheets under visible-light up to 600 nm

The rational design of photocatalyst that can effectively reduce CO₂ under visible light(l>400 nm),and simultaneously precise control of the products syngas(CO/H2)ratio is highly desirable for the Fischer-Tropsch reaction.In this work,we synthesized a series of CeO₂-decorated layered double hydroxides(LDHs,Ce-x)samples for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction.It was found that the selectivity and productivity of CO and H₂ from photoreduction of CO₂ in conjunction with Ru-complex as photosensitizer performed an obvious“volcano-like”trend,with the highest point at Ce-0.15 and the CO/H₂ ratio can be widely tunable from 1/7.7 to 1/1.3.Furthermore,compared with LDH,Ce-0.15 also drove photocatalytic CO₂ to syngas under 600 nm irradiation.It implied that an optimum amount of CeO₂ modifying LDH promoted the photoreduction of CO₂ to syngas.This report gives the way to fully utilize the rare earth elements and provides a promising route to enhance the photo-response ability and charge injection efficiency of LDH-based photocatalysts in the synthesis of syngas with a tunable ratio under visible light irradiation.     

Curvature effects on electric-double-layer capacitance

Understanding the microscopic structure and thermodynamic properties of electrode/electrolyte interfaces is central to the rational design of electric-double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). Whereas practical applications often entail electrodes with complicated pore structures, theoretical studies are mostly restricted to EDLCs of simple geometry such as planar or slit pores ignoring the curvature effects of the electrode surface. Significant gaps exist regarding the EDLC performance and the interfacial structure. Herein the classical density functional theory (CDFT) is used to study the capacitance and interfacial behavior of spherical electric double layers within a coarse-grained model. The capacitive performance is associated with electrode curvature, surface potential, and electrolyte concentration and can be correlated with a regression-tree (RT) model. The combination of CDFT with machine-learning methods provides a promising quantitative framework useful for the computational screening of porous electrodes and novel electrolytes.     

Elucidation of the Clustered Nano-Architecture of Radiation-Induced DNA Damage Sites and Surrounding Chromatin in Cancer Cells: A Single Molecule Localization Microscopy Approach

In cancer therapy, the application of (fractionated) harsh radiation treatment is state of the art for many types of tumors. However, ionizing radiation is a “double-edged sword”—it can kill the tumor but can also promote the selection of radioresistant tumor cell clones or even initiate carcinogenesis in the normal irradiated tissue. Individualized radiotherapy would reduce these risks and boost the treatment, but its development requires a deep understanding of DNA damage and repair processes and the corresponding control mechanisms. DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and their repair play a critical role in the cellular response to radiation. In previous years, it has become apparent that, beyond genetic and epigenetic determinants, the structural aspects of damaged chromatin (i.e., not only of DSBs themselves but also of the whole damage-surrounding chromatin domains) form another layer of complex DSB regulation. In the present article, we summarize the application of super-resolution single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) for investigations of these structural aspects with emphasis on the relationship between the nano-architecture of radiation-induced repair foci (IRIFs), represented here by γH2AX foci, and their chromatin environment. Using irradiated HeLa cell cultures as an example, we show repair-dependent rearrangements of damaged chromatin and analyze the architecture of γH2AX repair clusters according to topological similarities. Although HeLa cells are known to have highly aberrant genomes, the topological similarity of γH2AX was high, indicating a functional, presumptively genome type-independent relevance of structural aspects in DSB repair. Remarkably, nano-scaled chromatin rearrangements during repair depended both on the chromatin domain type and the treatment. Based on these results, we demonstrate how the nano-architecture and topology of IRIFs and chromatin can be determined, point to the methodological relevance of SMLM, and discuss the consequences of the observed phenomena for the DSB repair network regulation or, for instance, radiation treatment outcomes.     

垃圾焚烧飞灰中氯元素存在形态及深度脱氯的研究

垃圾焚烧飞灰中的氯含量影响其在水泥窑协同处置生料中的占比,因此需要对飞灰做脱氯处理。利用XRD对飞灰氯元素的存在形态研究表明：氯元素以水溶性氯和非水溶性氯2种形态存在于飞灰中,炉排炉飞灰的水溶性氯化物为CaCl₂·Ca（OH）₂·H₂O、CaClOH、CaCl₂·2H₂O、KCl和NaCl,非水溶性氯化物为AlOCl和Ca₁₀（Si₂O₇）₂（SiO₄）Cl₂（OH）₂等;流化床飞灰的水溶性氯以CaCl₂·2H₂O和KCl形式存在,非水溶性氯以AlOCl、Ca₁₀（Si₂O₇）₂（SiO₄）Cl₂（OH）₂和Ca₄OCl₆等形式存在。对水洗脱除水溶性氯的研究结果显示：对于炉排炉飞灰,控制液固比（mL/g,下同）为10+4+2、3次常温水洗,水溶性氯脱除率达97.01%;对于流化床飞灰,控制液固比组合6+6+4、3次常温水洗,水溶性氯脱除率达99.17%;酸、碱洗及高温煅烧均能降低飞灰非水溶性氯含量,其中煅烧处理后的炉排炉飞灰残氯质量分数为0.36%、流化床飞灰为0.45%。     

马钢直弧型板坯连铸机的设计

介绍了马钢 2 5 0 mm× 1 40 0 mm直弧型坯连铸机设计指导思想、连铸机主要技术性能指标、工艺流程、设备组成及采取的技术措施 :无氧化浇注 ,连续弯曲矫直 ,二冷区气雾冷却及自动控制 ,在线短定尺二次切割 ,对称式双向出坯 ,防止测量基准移位和台阶式对弧样板等。     

复吹转炉“留渣 双渣”脱磷工艺试验

摘要：在国内某转炉钢厂采用“留渣 双渣”工艺技术进行脱磷工艺试验。结果表明：随着转炉前期脱磷率不断升高,终点脱磷率不断提高。铁水硅含量对前期脱磷率的影响最大。根据铁水成分,在冶炼前期适当降低供氧强度、降低气固氧比、加入适量石灰及烧结矿,均有利于前期脱磷率的提高。在一倒时每吨钢液加入4~8kg石灰,不影响出钢温度,可提高一倒-终点阶段脱磷率,同时可提高终点脱磷率。从终点的控制效果可知,终点炉渣碱度应保持不小于3.0,炉渣中FeO质量分数在16%~20%,并适当降低终点出钢温度在1610~1630℃,有利于终点脱磷率的提高。通过加强熔池搅拌,促进钢渣反应趋于平衡,有利于终点磷分配比提高,从而可进一步提高终点脱磷率。